Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease chiefly involved in memory and cognitive function impairment. Senile plaque deposition, reactive oxygen species and neurofibrillary (tau) pathologies have been reported involved in network dysfunction and clinical symptoms by producing neuronal loss. This review emphasize on the currently use diagnostic tools for Alzheimer’s disease; reliable fluid biomarkers to diagnose AD from other dementias, current role and importance of PET in the identification of plaques and tangles, MRI scan for brain imaging along with currently available disease-modifying therapies for AD including gene therapy, immunotherapies that will focus on the agents involved in Aβ plaques deposition and tau hyper-phosphorylation. Stem cell therapy using embryonic stem cells mainly derived from adipose tissues, mesenchymal tissue, and induced pluripotent stem cells hold potential hope to differentiate into neuronal cells and to enhance neurogenesis. Furthermore, the nanotheranostic strategy is now being use for early diagnosis and treatment of AD in real time.